Zanzibar Comprehensive Guide

The Zanzibar Archipelago, part of Tanzania, consists of several islands renowned for their rich history, cultural diversity, and breathtaking natural beauty. It features two main islands: Unguja (often known as Zanzibar Island) and Pemba along with numerous smaller islets.

Historically, Zanzibar has played a vital role in the spice and slave trades, transforming it into a melting pot of African, Arab, Persian, and European influences. This blend of cultures is evident in its architecture, language, cuisine, and traditions.

Zanzibar’s history is intricately linked to trade and seafaring. The archipelago was a significant centre for spices like cloves, cinnamon, and nutmeg, earning the nickname “The Spice Islands.” Its strategic position also made it a key point for the slave trade during the 18th and 19th centuries. Today, remnants of this complex history are visible in Stone Town, a UNESCO World Heritage Site marked by winding alleys, ancient fortresses, and ornate doors that tell stories of a bygone era.

Location Of Zanzibar

The Zanzibar Archipelago is located in the Indian Ocean, approximately 25–50 kilometres (16–31 miles) off the coast of mainland Tanzania. Unguja, the larger and more populous island, is the primary tourist destination, known for its rich cultural heritage and beautiful beaches. In contrast, Pemba is more rural, and renowned for its lush landscapes and vibrant marine ecosystems.

Coordinates:

Unguja (Zanzibar Island): Approximately 6° South and 39° East
Pemba Island: Approximately 5° South and 39° East

The archipelago is easily accessible via a short flight or ferry ride from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania’s largest city, making it a popular destination for beach lovers and history enthusiasts.

Size Of Zanzibar

Covering about 2,461 square kilometres (950 square miles), the Zanzibar Archipelago consists of Unguja Island, which spans 1,666 square kilometres (643 square miles), and Pemba Island, with an area of 988 square kilometres (382 square miles). The islands boast a combined coastline of over 600 kilometres (373 miles), featuring diverse coastal habitats from mangroves to coral reefs.

Tourism

Tourism is a cornerstone of Zanzibar’s economy, attracting visitors with its pristine white-sand beaches, turquoise waters, vibrant coral reefs, and rich cultural heritage. The archipelago’s unique blend of history, nature, and culture makes it a must-visit destination in East Africa.

Best Time To Visit Zanzibar

The best time to visit Zanzibar is during the dry season, which runs from June to October. This period is ideal for beach activities, exploring Stone Town, and enjoying outdoor adventures. Another good time is from December to February when the weather is warm and sunny.

Zanzibar has two rainy seasons: the long rains from March to May and the short rains in November. While travel is still possible during these times, the weather may limit some activities.

Climate & weather

Zanzibar enjoys a warm, tropical climate influenced by the Indian Ocean, with distinct wet and dry seasons. Temperatures typically range from 25°C to 32°C (77°F to 90°F), and humidity is generally high, with sea temperatures between 25°C and 29°C (77°F to 84°F).

Key Seasons:

Long Dry Season (June to October): Clear skies and low humidity make this ideal for beach activities and exploring Stone Town.
Short Dry Season (January to February): Warm and sunny, perfect for beach vacations and water activities.
Long Rainy Season (March to May): Heavy rains and high humidity can limit activities.
Short Rainy Season (November to December): Light showers with sunny intervals, making it a quieter time to visit.

GETTING TO THE ZANZIBAR ARCHIPELAGO

Zanzibar is easily accessible by air and sea from various parts of Tanzania and beyond. Most travellers begin their journey in Dar es Salaam or other regional hubs like Nairobi or Mombasa.

By Air

Flying is the quickest way to reach Zanzibar. Abeid Amani Karume International Airport (ZNZ) is located about 5 kilometres south of Stone Town and serves international and domestic flights.

International Flights:

Direct flights operate from key international hubs, including Doha, Dubai, Istanbul, and Muscat.
Many travellers connect via Julius Nyerere International Airport in Dar es Salaam, with a domestic flight to Zanzibar lasting about 20–30 minutes.

Domestic Flights:

Local airlines like Precision Air and Coastal Aviation offer daily flights from Dar es Salaam, Arusha, and Kilimanjaro.

By Sea

Ferries and boats offer a picturesque, slower, way to travel from Dar es Salaam to Zanzibar.

Ferries:

Ferry services like Azam Marine and Kilimanjaro Fast Ferries offer modern vessels travelling between Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar, with journeys lasting between 2 and 2.5 hours.
Ferries depart multiple times daily, and booking in advance is recommended.

Boat Rides from Pemba Island:

Travelers can take boats from Pemba to Zanzibar, navigating through smaller islets.

By Road and Sea:

Overland Route from Arusha or Kilimanjaro

Travelers from northern Tanzania can opt for an overland journey combined with a ferry crossing.

Overland to Dar es Salaam:

The drive from Arusha is approximately 640 km (400 miles) and takes about 9-12 hours.
The route offers scenic views of lush landscapes and rural villages.

Ferry to Zanzibar:

After arriving in Dar es Salaam, travelers can catch a ferry to Zanzibar.

Getting Around the Archipelago

Once on Zanzibar Island, visitors can explore by road or boat.
Taxis and Private Cars: Convenient for exploring Stone Town and various beaches.
Dala-Dalas (Local Minibuses): An affordable option for travelling between towns.
Boats and Dhows: Perfect for island-hopping and snorkelling trips to nearby islets.

Best Attractions & Activities To Do In Zanzibar

Stone Town: The historic heart of Zanzibar City on Unguja Island, Stone Town is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a cultural hub. It features narrow, winding streets, centuries-old mosques, and vibrant bazaars. Notable attractions include the House of Wonders, Sultan’s Palace, Old Fort, and the Anglican Cathedral, built on the site of the former slave market.
Pristine Beaches: The northern and eastern coasts of Unguja, including Nungwi, Kendwa, Paje, and Jambiani, boast crystal-clear waters and powdery white sand framed by swaying palm trees. These idyllic beaches are perfect for relaxation, swimming, and water sports.
Marine Activities: The warm waters surrounding Zanzibar are ideal for snorkelling, scuba diving, and deep-sea fishing. Marine parks like Mnemba Atoll offer premier diving spots with vibrant coral reefs and diverse marine life, including dolphins, turtles, and whale sharks.
Spice Tours: Visitors can discover the vibrant spice plantations where cloves, nutmeg, and cardamom grow abundantly. These tours offer a fascinating look into the island’s agricultural heritage and the rich aromas and flavours of Zanzibar’s famous spices.
Jozani Chwaka Bay National Park: This forest reserve is home to the rare Zanzibar Red Colobus Monkey. Guided tours allow visitors to spot these unique primates and discover the region’s diverse flora and fauna.
Cultural Festivals: Zanzibar hosts numerous cultural events, such as the Zanzibar International Film Festival (ZIFF), Sauti za Busara Music Festival, and Mwaka Kogwa Festival, showcasing the island’s vibrant music, arts, and traditions.
Pemba Island: often called the “Green Island,” is distinguished by its lush scenery and vibrant marine life. It boasts outstanding diving experiences, pristine beaches, and a more peaceful environment than Unguja.
Chumbe Island Coral Park is a private nature reserve and eco-resort that serves as a haven for ecotourists. It features one of East Africa’s most unspoiled coral reefs and provides guided snorkelling tours and nature walks through the island’s distinctive coral rag forest.
Dhow Cruises: Traditional dhow sailing cruises, especially at sunset, provide a serene way to experience the beauty of the Indian Ocean. Many cruises include stops at nearby sandbanks for picnics or snorkelling.
The Rock Restaurant: One of Zanzibar’s most iconic dining spots, The Rock is perched on a small outcrop off Michamvi Beach. At high tide, the restaurant is surrounded by water, offering diners stunning sea views and a unique culinary experience.

Overall, Zanzibar’s diverse attractions cater to honeymooners, history enthusiasts, beach lovers, and adventure seekers alike. With its enchanting blend of cultures, natural beauty, and historical intrigue, the Zanzibar Archipelago is a tropical paradise waiting to be explored.

ACCOMMODATION OPTIONS IN ZANZIBAR ARCHIPELAGO

The Zanzibar Archipelago provides various accommodation options to cater to different tastes, preferences, and budgets. Visitors can choose from luxurious beachfront resorts, quaint boutique hotels, and eco-friendly lodges, ensuring a memorable stay. Below is an overview of the top accommodation categories found throughout the archipelago.

Luxury Resorts and Boutique Hotels

Zanzibar boasts some of East Africa’s most luxurious resorts and boutique hotels, featuring Swahili architecture, world-class amenities, and stunning beachfront locations.

Baraza Resort & Spa (Bwejuu Beach): This five-star boutique resort is known for its opulent Swahili-Arabian architecture, private villas, spa, private pools, and exclusive beach access.
The Residence Zanzibar (Kizimkazi): An elegant resort offering private villas with plunge pools, an infinity pool overlooking the Indian Ocean, a wellness centre, and fine dining options.
Zuri Zanzibar (Kendwa Beach): A chic resort with bungalows, suites, and villas set in lush gardens, providing panoramic ocean views, a wellness area, and a unique spice garden.
Matemwe Lodge (Matemwe): This eco-friendly lodge on Zanzibar’s northeast coast features rustic-luxury bungalows and breathtaking views of the Mnemba Atoll.
The Palms Zanzibar (Bwejuu Beach): An exclusive all-villa resort with six private villas, each with its butler and beach cabana, ideal for a tranquil getaway.

Mid-Range Hotels In Zanzibar

Mid-range hotels in Zanzibar combine comfort and style at reasonable prices. Often located in prime beachfront spots, they offer modern amenities and feature Swahili-inspired design.

Zanzibar Serena Hotel (Stone Town): A classic seafront hotel with spacious rooms, a rooftop restaurant, and easy access to historic Stone Town sites.
Tembo House Hotel (Stone Town): This hotel, housed in a restored 19th-century building, features rooms with antique Swahili furniture and a stunning oceanfront pool.
Breezes Beach Club & Spa (Bwejuu Beach): A family-owned resort that showcases traditional Zanzibari design, featuring beachfront villas, various watersports, and an acclaimed, award-winning spa.
DoubleTree Resort by Hilton Zanzibar (Nungwi): A modern hotel with beachfront access, an outdoor pool, and beautiful sunset views in lively Nungwi.
Next Paradise Boutique Resort (Pwani Mchangani): A stylish property with beach bungalows and suites nestled in lush gardens, focusing on exclusive service and intimate ambience.

Budget Accommodation and Guest houses

Zanzibar has numerous affordable options for budget travellers, ranging from hostels and guesthouses to budget-friendly beach lodges.

Lost & Found Hostel (Stone Town): A contemporary and clean hostel located in the centre of Stone Town, featuring dormitory and private room options that are perfect for solo travellers.

Pongwe Beach Hotel (Pongwe): A budget-friendly hotel on a secluded beach, featuring thatched cottages and a relaxed atmosphere.
Jambiani Villas (Jambiani): Affordable beachfront villas combining modern and traditional decor, perfect for travellers seeking tranquillity on a budget.
Aluna Beach Lodge (Nungwi): A quaint lodge with comfortable rooms and easy access to Nungwi Beach’s vibrant nightlife and water activities.
New Teddy’s Place (Paje): A backpacker-friendly hostel and beach bar offering various huts and bungalows with shared or private bathrooms.

Eco-Lodges and Sustainable Stays

Zanzibar is becoming increasingly popular with eco-conscious travellers and features a range of eco-lodges and sustainable accommodations that harmoniously integrate with the natural environment.

Chumbe Island Coral Park (Chumbe Island): An award-winning eco-lodge focused on marine conservation, offering unique eco-bungalows, coral snorkelling, and guided nature walks.
Fumba Beach Lodge (Fumba Peninsula): Set in a protected marine reserve, this lodge uses sustainable materials and features eco-friendly villas with beach views.
Pemba Eco Lodge (Pemba Island): Located on a private beach in Pemba, this lodge is constructed from local materials and powered by renewable energy.
Emerson Spice Hotel (Stone Town): A boutique hotel in a restored merchant’s home, committed to sustainable tourism and preserving Swahili culture.
Blue Oyster Hotel (Jambiani): An eco-friendly hotel known for its community-focused initiatives, solar-powered amenities, and local engagement programs.

Family-Friendly Resorts

Zanzibar offers many family-friendly resorts with spacious accommodations, child-friendly menus, and engaging activities for kids.

Melia Zanzibar (Kiwengwa): This large resort features family suites, a kids’ club, and various activities, including beach games and snorkelling.
Neptune Pwani Beach Resort & Spa (Pwani Mchangani): Featuring family rooms, a dedicated kids’ pool, and a child-friendly buffet, this resort is perfect for family vacations.
Dream of Zanzibar (Kiwengwa): A family-oriented resort with children’s activities, babysitting services, and entertainment programs.
Uroa Bay Beach Resort (Uroa): Features family rooms, a kids’ play area, and a variety of water sports for all ages.

Romantic Getaways and Honeymoon Retreats

Zanzibar is a prime destination for honeymooners and couples seeking a romantic escape, with many resorts providing secluded accommodations and special packages.

Tulia Zanzibar Unique Beach Resort (Pongwe): This luxury resort features private garden bungalows, infinity pools, and romantic beach dinners.
Mnemba Island Lodge (Mnemba Island): An ultra-exclusive retreat with 10 luxurious bandas, offering privacy, exclusive service, and stunning coral reefs.
Essque Zalu Zanzibar (Nungwi): This stylish boutique hotel with breathtaking architecture, large suites, and a clifftop infinity pool.
Kilindi Zanzibar (Kendwa): A luxurious boutique property with only 15 spacious white-domed pavilions, each featuring private plunge pools and panoramic ocean views.

Key Factors to Consider When Choosing Accommodation

When selecting where to stay in Zanzibar, consider the following:

Location: Stone Town is ideal for history and culture enthusiasts, while Nungwi and Kendwa cater to those seeking lively beach environments. For a quieter experience, the east coast (Paje, Jambiani) or southern regions are recommended.

Budget: Zanzibar offers options for all budgets. Luxury travellers may prefer high-end resorts, while backpackers and budget-conscious visitors will find plenty of affordable guesthouses and lodges.

Activities: Some locations are better suited for specific pursuits. Mnemba Atoll and Pemba Island are excellent choices for diving and snorkelling, while Paje is famous for kitesurfing.

Eco-Friendly Options: If sustainability is a priority, consider eco-lodges and environmentally-conscious hotels across the islands.

CUISINE AND DINING IN THE ZANZIBAR ARCHIPELAGO

Zanzibar’s cuisine is a lively fusion of flavours, influenced by its diverse cultural heritage and historical significance as a trading centre. The culinary traditions of Africa, Arabia, India, and Europe merge to form a unique food landscape.

Commonly known as the “Spice Island,” Zanzibar is renowned for its abundant spices like cinnamon, cardamom, cloves, and nutmeg, complemented by fresh seafood, tropical fruits, and unique local ingredients. From street food to upscale dining, the archipelago provides wide gastronomic experiences to cater to every taste.

Key Ingredients and Flavors

Spices: The island’s culinary heritage has been profoundly shaped by its spice trade. Spices like cloves, cumin, coriander, black pepper, turmeric, and ginger enrich the unique flavours and fragrances.

Seafood: Being coastal, Zanzibar boasts an abundance of fresh seafood, including prawns, lobster, octopus, squid, tuna, snapper, and kingfish, often grilled, curried, or served in stews.
Coconut: Coconut milk and grated coconut are crucial in many dishes, adding creaminess and sweetness to curries and stews.
Tropical Fruits: Pineapples, mangoes, bananas, papayas, jackfruit, and passion fruit are plentiful and often enjoyed fresh, in salads, or as dessert ingredients.
Cassava and Plantains: These staples feature prominently in sweet and savoury dishes, contributing unique textures and flavours.
Rice: Zanzibar is famous for its aromatic pilau and biryani, infused with spices and served with meat, fish, or vegetables.

Signature Dishes of Zanzibar

Zanzibar Pilau and Biryani: Spiced rice dishes featuring meat (often chicken or beef) and a blend of spices. Biryani is more elaborate, layered with marinated meat and garnished with boiled eggs and fresh coriander.
Seafood Curry: Fresh seafood cooked in a rich coconut curry with Zanzibar spices, typically served with rice or chapati.
Octopus Curry: Octopus slow-cooked in a spicy coconut curry with tomatoes, garlic, ginger, and aromatic spices, enjoyed with steamed rice or ugali.
Urojo (Zanzibar Mix): This vibrant street food of fried potatoes, chickpeas, boiled eggs, and fritters served in a tangy mango-coconut soup, topped with crispy noodles.
Nyama Choma (Grilled Meat): Grilled meat, often beef or chicken, marinated and roasted over an open flame, served with flatbreads or fries and a side salad.
Zanzibar Pizza: A unique street food found in Forodhani Gardens, this dish combines elements of pizza and stuffed pancakes, filled with minced meat, vegetables, cheese, and sometimes Nutella, then fried.
Mandazi: Fried doughnuts flavoured with cardamom, enjoyed as a breakfast or snack, best paired with spiced tea.
Mishkaki: Grilled skewered meat (usually beef or chicken) served with spicy chutneys and chapati or bread, popular as an evening snack.
Samaki wa Kupaka: Whole fish marinated and grilled, smothered in a creamy coconut sauce with lime and chilli, typically served with rice or chapati.
Sorpotel: A spicy meat stew from the Goan-Indian community, made from pork or beef, liver, and offal, slow-cooked with vinegar, garlic, and chillies.

Dining Experiences in Zanzibar

Zanzibar boasts a variety of dining experiences, from casual street food to upscale beachfront restaurants. Notable options include:

Forodhani Night Market (Stone Town): A lively evening market offering local street foods like Zanzibar pizza, mishkaki, and grilled seafood, perfect for sampling authentic flavours.
The Rock Restaurant (Michamvi): An iconic dining spot on a rock island off Michamvi Beach, accessible at low tide. It serves fresh seafood with stunning ocean views.
Emerson Spice Tea House Restaurant (Stone Town): Set in a historic building, this rooftop restaurant offers a multi-course tasting menu featuring Swahili and fusion dishes with breathtaking views.
Beachfront Dining (Nungwi and Kendwa): Romantic dining experiences at beach resorts featuring seafood platters and grilled lobster under the stars.
Spice Farm Tour and Cooking Classes: Guided tours of spice farms showcase the cultivation of various spices, often including cooking classes to prepare traditional dishes.

Popular Restaurants in Zanzibar

Lukmaan Restaurant (Stone Town): Renowned for authentic Swahili dishes like biryani and grilled fish, favoured by locals and tourists alike.
Zanzibar Coffee House Café (Stone Town): A charming spot for freshly brewed Zanzibari coffee and light meals, ideal for breakfast.
Upendo Restaurant (Michamvi): Overlooking the ocean, this restaurant offers international cuisine with a Zanzibari twist and signature cocktails.
Mr. Kahawa Café (Paje): A laid-back café popular for breakfast, sandwiches, and fresh smoothies.
6 Degrees South (Stone Town): An upscale restaurant featuring fresh seafood, steaks, and local specialities paired with fine wines.

TRAVEL TIPS FOR VISITING ZANZIBAR ARCHIPELAGO

To make the most of your trip to Zanzibar and ensure a smooth visit, here are essential travel tips:

Visa and Entry Requirements: Most visitors require a visa, but citizens from some countries can obtain one on arrival. Ensure your passport is valid for at least six months with a blank page for the visa stamp.
Best Time to Visit: The optimal time to visit is during the dry seasons from June to October and December to February, with pleasant temperatures and minimal rainfall. Avoid heavy rains from March to May.
Currency and Payment: The local currency is the Tanzanian Shilling (TZS), but US Dollars (USD) are widely accepted. ATMs are available in major towns, but carry cash for smaller establishments.
Dress Code and Cultural Sensitivity: Dress modestly in predominantly Muslim areas. Swimwear is acceptable on beaches but covers shoulders and knees in towns and villages.
Getting Around: Taxis are common; negotiate fares in advance. Dala-dala (shared minibuses) offer local transport while renting cars or scooters is possible with an international driving permit.
Safety and Health: Use insect repellent to avoid mosquito bites. Drink bottled or boiled water and avoid uncooked street food. Zanzibar is generally safe but exercise caution, especially at night.
Accommodation Tips: Book accommodations in advance, particularly during peak seasons. Consider staying in various areas for diverse experiences.
Local Etiquette and Language: Greetings are appreciated; use “Jambo” (Hello) and “Asante Sana” (Thank you). Bargaining is common in markets, and tipping is welcomed but not mandatory.
Explore the Spice Farms: Visiting spice farms offers insight into the island’s famous spices, often accompanied by traditional lunches.
Enjoy Water Sports and Marine Activities: Engage in snorkeling, scuba diving, or dhow sailing tours for unique experiences.
Try the Local Cuisine: Indulge in Zanzibar’s culinary offerings, exploring street food and restaurant dining to appreciate the island’s flavours.